Zama ngamandla ukuzinzisa iziseko zorhwebo lwangaphandle notyalo-mali lwangaphandle

Kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, ixabiso lilonke lokurhweba ngempahla elizweni lam eliphuma kumazwe angaphandle nelithunyelwa ngaphandle linyuke nge-10.7% unyaka nonyaka, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenkunzi yangaphandle kunyuke ngama-25.6% unyaka nonyaka.Urhwebo lwangaphandle kunye notyalo-mali lwangaphandle luphumelele "isiqalo esizinzileyo" ngokukhula okuphindwe kabini.Ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, okwangoku, ubhubhani we-pneumonia entsha yesithsaba kunye nengxaki yase-Ukraine ibangele ingozi enkulu kunye nemingeni.Ndichatshazelwa yimiba emininzi yangaphakathi nangaphandle, uxinzelelo kwilizwe lam lokuzinzisa urhwebo lwangaphandle notyalo-mali lwangaphandle lunyuke kakhulu.Ngenxa yoku, intlanganiso yakutshanje yeSebe Lezobupolitika leKomiti Eyintloko yeCPC yabethelela ukuba “ubhubhani umele uthintelwe, uqoqosho luzinziswe, yaye uphuhliso lumele lukhuseleke.”Kwangaxeshanye, kwacaciswa ukuba “kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ukwandiswa kokuvulwa kwenqanaba eliphezulu kwaye uphendule ngenkuthalo ekuncedeni iinkampani zangaphandle ukuba zenze ishishini eTshayina.kunye nezinye iimfuno zokuzinzisa iziseko zorhwebo lwangaphandle notyalo-mali lwangaphandle.”I-teleconference yesizwe ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwezorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye notyalo-mali lwangaphandle olubanjwe ngoMeyi 9 lucebise ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufunda ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokuphumeza umoya kaNobhala Jikelele we-Xi Jinping imiyalelo ebalulekileyo, kwaye ngenkuthalo sizame ukuzinzisa iziseko zorhwebo zangaphandle kunye nangaphandle. utyalo-mali.

Uphuhliso oluvulelekileyo kuphela kwendlela yokuba ilizwe liphumelele kwaye liphuhle.Ukusukela kwiNkongolo yeSizwe ye-18 yeQela lamaKomanisi laseChina, ilizwe lam lithathe ulwakhiwo oludibeneyo lwe "Belt kunye neNdlela" njengesikhokelo, lakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo entsha yoqoqosho oluvulekileyo ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha, kwaye idityaniswe kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. ngengqondo evuleleke ngakumbi kunye nesantya sokuzithemba ngakumbi, kwaye amandla oqoqosho lwelizwe aqhubekile ukubaleka.inqanaba elitsha.Ngo-2021, umthamo wezoqoqosho welizwe lam usondele kuma-77% waseMelika, uthatha ngaphezulu kwe-18% yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.Okwangoku, ilizwe lam lenze ipateni entsha apho ishishini lemveliso livulwa ngokusisiseko, kwaye ishishini lenkonzo yezolimo livulwa ngokuthe ngcembe nangokuqhubekayo, libonelela ngendawo yophuhliso ebanzi yorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye namashishini atyalwe ngemali kumazwe angaphandle.Phantsi kweemeko zexesha elitsha, ukuzama ngenkuthalo ukuzinzisa iziseko zorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye notyalo-mali lwangaphandle, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqonde ngokuchanekileyo dialectics uphuhliso lokuvula-up kunye nokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho, ukomeleza nokuphucula inkqubo isiqinisekiso senkonzo kurhwebo lwangaphandle kunye norhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho. utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, kunye nokwandisa ngokuqhubekayo imeko yophuhliso kurhwebo lwangaphandle notyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwilizwe lam.

Uphuhliso kunye nokhuseleko ngamaphiko amabini omzimba omnye kunye namavili amabini okuqhuba.Uphuhliso oluvulelekileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho lunemiqathango efanayo kwaye luxhasana, kwaye kukho ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nobunzima be-dialectical.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvulelwa kwihlabathi langaphandle kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho sisiseko sezinto eziphathekayo kunye nesiqinisekiso esisisiseko sokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho.Ukuvula kuzisa inkqubela phambili, ngelixa ukuvala ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kushiyeka ngasemva.Kwinkulungwane yama-21 yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, akunakwenzeka ukuba amazwe avaliweyo afikelele kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwexesha elide, kwaye uphuhliso loqoqosho lusemva ixesha elide, kwaye amandla okuxhathisa ukothuka kuya kuba phantsi.Oku kokungakhuseleki okukhulu.Kwelinye icala, ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho luyimfuneko efunekayo ukuze uvulelwe amazwe angaphandle kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho.Ukuvulwa kwelizwe langaphandle kufuneka kubanjwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka kuhambelane neemeko zokhuseleko loqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nokumelana nokothuka.Ukunqongophala kweemeko kunye nokuvula ngokungakhathali kwangaphambili akusayi kusilela nje ukuzisa uphuhliso loqoqosho oluzinzileyo, kodwa kunokubeka emngciphekweni kwaye kurhuqe phantsi uphuhliso loqoqosho.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuphepha ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kokhuseleko loqoqosho, kwaye kuphunyezwe isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokuvula kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko loqoqosho lwesizwe.Ukwenza umsebenzi omhle ekuzinziseni urhwebo lwangaphandle, eyona nto iphambili kukugqobhoza imiqobo kunye nobunzima, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemveliso kunye nokujikeleza kwintsimi yorhwebo lwangaphandle, kugxininise ekuqinisekiseni uthutho olusebenzayo nolugudileyo lweempahla zorhwebo zangaphandle, kwaye yenza zonke iinzame zokuqinisekisa intembeko kunye nozinzo lwekhonkco lorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo.Ngexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide, kufuneka sigxininise kwimisebenzi emithathu: okokuqala, ukuqhubela phambili ukukhuthaza ukukhululeka kunye nokuququzelela urhwebo notyalo-mali, ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso zomgca ofanayo, umgangatho ofanayo kunye nomgangatho ofanayo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukudityaniswa korhwebo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle;okwesibini, ukuqulunqa inguqulelo yelizwe enqumla imida ngexesha elifanelekileyo.Uluhlu olubi lweenkonzo zorhwebo, ukwandisa kunye nokomeleza iziseko zokuthumela ngaphandle ezifana neenkonzo zedijithali kunye neenkonzo ezizodwa, kunye nokuhlakulela iindawo ezintsha zokukhula kwezorhwebo kwiinkonzo;okwesithathu, ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukufikelela kwiSivumelwano seNtsebenziswano kuQoqosho lweDijithali kunye neSivumelwano esiBanzi nesiQhubelayo seNtsebenziswano yePasifiki ukukhawulezisa Ukwakha uthungelwano lwehlabathi lwemimandla yorhwebo lwasimahla olukumgangatho ophezulu.

Ukwenza umsebenzi omhle ekuzinziseni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, eyona nto iphambili kukuqinisa nokuphucula urhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nolungelelwaniso lotyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ukusabela ngenkuthalo kwiimfuno ezintsha zamashishini axhaswa ngemali yangaphandle, nokulungelelanisa nokuzisombulula ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngoko ke ukuze bancede bafezekise imisebenzi ezinzileyo kunye nocwangco kunye nokuzinzisa ngempumelelo amashishini asele ekho afumana inkxaso-mali kumazwe angaphandle.Kwixesha eliphakathi nelide, kufuneka sigxininise kwimisebenzi emibini: okokuqala, sinciphise ngakumbi uluhlu olubi lokufikelela kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ukukhawulezisa ukukhuthazwa kokuvulwa kwamaziko, nokukhuthaza ukhuphiswano olunobulungisa phakathi kwabadlali bemarike yasekhaya nabangaphandle.Okwesibini kukudibanisa nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ekumgangatho ophezulu wezoqoqosho norhwebo, ukulungelelanisa nokukhuthaza ulwakhiwo lwamaqonga ahlukeneyo avulekileyo anje ngeNdawo yokuLinga uRhwebo oluKhululwa, iZibuko loRhwebo oluKhululwa eHainan, kunye neNdawo yokuLingwa koQoqosho oluPhakathi kwi-Inland, kunye nokudala indawo ephakamileyo entsha ye ukuvula indawo yoshishino engcono.Okusingqongileyo kutsala imali eninzi yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba ityale imali kwilizwe lam.

Okwesibini, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela i-virtualization yokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho, ukwakha inkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, kunye nokugcina ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho ngexesha lophuhliso oluvulekileyo.Eyokuqala kukuphucula inkqubo yokuphonononga ukhuseleko lwesizwe kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngokuphumeza ngokupheleleyo inkqubo yophononongo lokhuphiswano olufanelekileyo, ukulungisa nokwandisa umda wophononongo lokhuseleko lotyalo-mali lwangaphandle, njl. njl. Olwesibini kukuphucula imithetho nemimiselo efanelekileyo, ukomeleza ukuchasana nokulawulwa kwe-monopoly. ukhuphiswano oluchasene nolunebulungisa kuqoqosho lwedijithali, ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo imingcipheko, kunye nokugcina ukhuphiswano lweemarike ezifanelekileyo.Okwesithathu kukuphungula ngobulumko ukufikelela kwimarike yenkunzi yamazwe angaphandle kumashishini athile, nokuqhubeka nokugcina izithintelo zokufikelela kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwimimandla enovakalelo ebandakanya ukhuseleko lwesizwe.

Ukuba uthe akwala ukuqukuqela kwabantu, woba ngumlambo nolwandle.Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo yohlaziyo nokuvulwa, ukuvulwa kwelizwe langaphandle kuye kwakhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwelizwe lam kwaye kwadala “ummangaliso waseTshayina” othe watsala umdla kwihlabathi liphela.Xa sijongene nemeko yangoku entsonkothileyo, kufuneka sakhe ngokuqinileyo inkqubo entsha yezoqoqosho evulelekileyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu, siqhubeke sisenza nzulu ukuvulwa kokuthengiswa kwezinto zorhwebo kunye nezinto, sizinzise iziseko zorhwebo lwangaphandle notyalo-mali lwangaphandle, kwaye siqhubeke nokukhuthaza. ukuchacha koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokwakha uqoqosho lwehlabathi oluvulelekileyo.yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo eTshayina.

NguShirley Fu